168 Hours cover
0:00 0:00

168 Hours Summary

by Laura Vanderkam

This book will shatter your perception of time, revealing that you have far more hours than you think to achieve your biggest goals and live a fulfilling life. Vanderkam provides practical strategies and inspiring examples to help you audit your time, prioritize what truly matters, and intentionally schedule activities that align with your values and aspirations. Read it to stop feeling perpetually busy and start designing a life where you make time for everything important, from career ambitions to personal joys.

Listen to Podcast

Key Themes & Concepts

Challenging the Perception of Time

Many of us operate under the assumption that we are completely starved for time, constantly rushing from one obligation to the next with zero margin for error. This theme challenges that default mindset by doing the basic math: a week consists of 168 hours (24 hours multiplied by 7 days). Even if you work a demanding 50-hour week and sleep a full 8 hours every night (56 hours total), you are still left with 62 hours of discretionary time. That is equivalent to a second full-time job and then some. The central argument is that time is not actually scarce; rather, it is often mismanaged or lost to mindless activities that we don't account for.

01

Debunking the 'Myth of the Time Crunch'

The 'time crunch' is the pervasive feeling that modern life requires more hours than we have available. The author argues that this is largely a psychological trap rather than a mathematical reality. When we say 'I don't have time to exercise' or 'I don't have time to learn a language,' what we are really saying is that those activities are not a priority. By acknowledging the sheer volume of time available in a 168-hour cycle, we are forced to take responsibility for how we choose to spend it. It shifts the narrative from 'I am a victim of a busy schedule' to 'I am the architect of my time.'

Key Insight The feeling of being 'too busy' is often a lack of prioritization rather than a lack of hours. You have enough time for the things that truly matter to you.
Action Step Replace the phrase 'I don't have time' with 'It is not a priority' when you decline an activity. This highlights that you are making a choice rather than facing a restriction.
02

Logging your hours

To fix your schedule, you must first understand it with brutal accuracy. The author insists that memory is a terrible record-keeper. We tend to remember our best days or our worst days, but not our average days. The proposed solution is to keep a detailed time diary for at least one full week (168 hours). You must record exactly what you are doing in 15 or 30-minute increments. This process reveals the 'hidden' time that vanishes into activities like checking email, aimless web browsing, or watching television shows you don't actually enjoy.

Key Insight You cannot manage what you do not measure. Most people have no objective data on where their time goes, leading to a distorted view of their own lives.
Action Step Track your time for 168 hours (one week) in a spreadsheet or notebook. Be honest and record every activity, no matter how small, to find your 'lost' hours.
03

Perception vs. Reality of Overwork

There is a significant gap between how much people think they work and how much they actually work. The book references studies showing that people who claim to work 75-plus hours a week are usually off by about 25 hours when their time is actually logged. This discrepancy exists because we tend to count time spent 'at work' or 'thinking about work' as actual labor, even if we spent hours socializing or procrastinating. Recognizing this gap is liberating because it proves that the grueling schedules we think we are living are often exaggerated in our minds.

Key Insight We tend to overestimate our work hours and underestimate our leisure and sleep time. This exaggeration fuels our stress and validates our excuses for not pursuing other passions.
Action Step Review your time log to identify 'fake work'—time spent at your desk or on your computer that wasn't actually productive—and reclaim that time for genuine leisure or rest.

Discovering and Focusing on Strengths

Once you have reclaimed your time through logging, the next step is deciding how to fill it. This theme focuses on the economic concept of 'comparative advantage' applied to personal life. The goal is to identify the specific activities where you add the most value and which bring you the most joy. Instead of trying to be 'well-rounded' and good at everything, the author encourages you to double down on your unique strengths and ignore, minimize, or delegate the rest. This ensures that your 168 hours are filled with high-impact, high-satisfaction activities.

04

Identifying 'Core Competencies'

In business, a core competency is something a company does better than its competitors. In your life, your core competencies are the few things you do best and that others cannot easily do for you. These are tasks that leverage your unique talents and bring you deep satisfaction. For a parent, this might be reading to a child (which a babysitter can't do with the same emotional connection) or a specific type of strategic planning at work. The objective is to strip away the clutter of life so you can spend as much time as possible operating within these zones of genius.

Key Insight Success comes from specialization, not generalization. You should stop trying to be average at everything and start trying to be excellent at the few things that only you can do.
Action Step Write down a list of your top 3-5 core competencies—activities where you are irreplaceable and highly effective. Aim to fill your schedule primarily with these tasks.
05

The 'List of 100 Dreams'

Many people claim they don't know what they would do with extra free time. To solve this, the author suggests creating a 'List of 100 Dreams.' This is an uninhibited brainstorming exercise where you write down absolutely everything you might want to do or experience in your lifetime, from 'learn to speak Italian' to 'visit a local park.' The sheer volume of the list forces you to move past the obvious goals and uncover buried passions. This list serves as a menu for your life, ensuring that when you do find free time, you know exactly how to spend it meaningfully.

Key Insight We often waste time because we haven't clearly defined what we want to do. Without a plan, we default to low-value activities like watching TV.
Action Step Sit down and write a numbered list of 100 things you want to do or achieve. Keep this list visible and use it to populate your weekly schedule.

Strategic Career Management

Work usually consumes the largest block of our 168 hours, so managing it strategically is vital. This theme rejects the idea of being a passive employee who simply reacts to incoming requests. Instead, it advocates for treating your career like a business you are running. This involves actively shaping your job description to match your strengths, ruthlessly managing your calendar to prevent other people from stealing your time, and finding ways to offload tasks that don't contribute to your professional goals.

06

Creating the 'Right Job'

Most people accept their job descriptions as fixed rules, but the author argues they are often negotiable. If you are spending hours on tasks that you are bad at or hate, you are not serving your employer well. The strategy here is to proactively reshape your role. This might mean pitching a new project that aligns with your core competencies or suggesting that a colleague who loves spreadsheets take over the data entry while you handle the client relations. The goal is to craft a role where you are naturally motivated to excel.

Key Insight Job descriptions are starting points, not prisons. You have more power than you think to mold your daily duties into something that aligns with your strengths.
Action Step Identify one major task you hate and one you love. Propose a trade with a coworker or a pitch to your boss to shift your focus toward the work you love.
07

Seizing Control of the Calendar

If you don't schedule your priorities, others will schedule their priorities into your day. Strategic career management means filling your calendar with your most important work *before* the week begins. Instead of arriving at work on Monday and reacting to emails, you should have your 'deep work' blocks already protected. This prevents the day from being eaten up by low-value meetings and urgent but unimportant requests. It turns you from a reactive worker into a proactive one.

Key Insight A blank calendar is a trap because it invites interruption. You must book appointments with yourself to ensure your real work gets done.
Action Step Plan your work week on Sunday night or Friday afternoon. Block out time for your top priorities first, treating them as immovable meetings.
08

Eliminating and Outsourcing at Work

High performers understand that they cannot do everything. To maximize impact, you must be willing to let go of tasks that fall outside your core competencies. This could mean delegating administrative work, automating repetitive processes, or simply deciding that certain low-value tasks don't need to be done at all. The book emphasizes that trying to be a martyr who does it all actually hurts your productivity and your value to the organization.

Key Insight Doing 'busy work' often feels productive, but it distracts you from the high-leverage activities that actually advance your career.
Action Step Audit your tasks and identify three things that can be delegated, automated, or ignored. Stop doing them immediately to free up space for high-impact work.

Applying Business Principles to Home Life

The home is often treated as a chaotic environment where chores just 'need to get done.' This theme proposes applying the same rigorous management strategies used in business to the domestic sphere. By viewing the household as an organization, you can make unemotional decisions about how to allocate resources. This involves recognizing that your time has a monetary value and that it is often more efficient to pay for help or lower your standards than to spend your limited free time scrubbing floors.

09

The New Home Economics

This concept treats the household as a unit of production where time is a finite resource that must be allocated efficiently. Just as a CEO wouldn't spend their time fixing the office copier, a parent shouldn't necessarily spend their time doing laundry if they can afford to outsource it. The 'New Home Economics' suggests that if you can earn more money in an hour of work than it costs to hire a cleaner, or if that hour is better spent bonding with your family, then doing the cleaning yourself is an economically poor decision.

Key Insight Housework is not a moral obligation. It is a logistical task that should be managed in the most efficient way possible to preserve energy for family and self.
Action Step Calculate the value of your hourly wage. If a household chore costs less to outsource than what you earn (or what your free time is worth to you), seriously consider hiring help.
10

Family Core Competencies

Just as you have professional strengths, you have family strengths. There are things only you can do: nurturing your spouse, instilling values in your children, and creating family memories. Conversely, there are things anyone can do: mowing the lawn, buying groceries, or dusting. The book argues you should focus entirely on the 'irreplaceable' relationship tasks and minimize the maintenance tasks. Your children won't remember that the house was spotless, but they will remember that you played games with them.

Key Insight You are irreplaceable as a parent or partner, but you are replaceable as a cook or cleaner. Focus your energy on the roles where you cannot be substituted.
Action Step List the activities that truly bond your family. Prioritize these over maintenance chores, even if it means the house is a bit messier.
11

Outsourcing and Minimizing Housework

This is the practical application of the previous concepts. The author shares the story of Theresa Daytner, a business owner with six children. Daytner realized she couldn't run a company, raise six kids, and keep a perfect house. She decided to outsource almost everything, including cleaning and driving, so she could focus purely on her business and being a present mother. While not everyone can afford extensive help, the principle stands: buy back your time whenever possible. If you can't afford help, lower your standards—ignore the dust bunnies to play with your kids.

Key Insight Spending money to save time is often seen as a luxury, but it is actually an investment in your relationships and mental health.
Action Step Identify one household chore that drains you. Budget to hire a service for it, or agree with your family to lower the standard for that chore so it takes less time.

Intentional Leisure and Personal Growth

We often assume that leisure time will happen naturally when the work is done, but in reality, unplanned time usually gets wasted on screens or low-energy fatigue. This theme argues that leisure requires as much planning and intentionality as work. To truly recharge and grow, you must schedule your fun, commit to hobbies that might be difficult at first, and seize small pockets of time for joy. Real leisure is an active pursuit, not a passive state.

12

Purposefully Planning Leisure

The best weekends don't just happen; they are planned. The author suggests that if you don't have a plan for your Saturday, you will likely end up watching TV and feeling unfulfilled on Sunday night. By treating leisure activities with the same respect as work meetings—putting them on the calendar and preparing for them—you ensure that you actually do the things that rejuvenate you. This prevents the 'what should we do?' debate that eats up half the day.

Key Insight Leisure time is vulnerable. If you don't protect it with a plan, it will be consumed by chores or mindless inertia.
Action Step Plan your weekend by Wednesday. Decide on at least one 'anchor event'—a specific fun activity—so you have something to look forward to.
13

Meaningful Activities vs. Passive Consumption

Not all leisure is created equal. Passive leisure, like scrolling social media or channel surfing, consumes time but rarely recharges us. Active leisure, like hiking, painting, or playing a sport, requires effort but provides energy and satisfaction. The book encourages filling your 168 hours with a small number of high-quality activities that align with your 'List of 100 Dreams' rather than defaulting to the path of least resistance.

Key Insight Effortful fun is more rewarding than effortless fun. We often avoid hobbies because they require energy to start, but they pay off in long-term happiness.
Action Step Replace one hour of TV or browsing this week with a hobby that requires active participation, like reading a book, crafting, or exercising.
14

Bits of Joy

You don't need a three-hour block to have fun. The author introduces the idea of using the fragmented moments of the day—the 15 minutes on the bus, the 10 minutes waiting for a meeting—for 'bits of joy.' Instead of checking your phone during these gaps, you could read a few pages of a novel, listen to a favorite song, or meditate. These small investments of time add up to a significant sense of well-being throughout the week.

Key Insight Waiting for 'perfect' large blocks of time leads to missed opportunities. Joy can be found in the margins of a busy schedule.
Action Step Carry a book, a sketchbook, or a puzzle with you everywhere. When you have 10 minutes of downtime, use it for that activity instead of your phone.
15

Committing to Hobbies

Meaningful hobbies often require a 'startup cost' of time and energy before they become fun. Learning to play the guitar is frustrating at first; it only becomes a joyous leisure activity once you have practiced enough to play songs. The author urges readers to commit enough time to get past the initial hurdle of incompetence. By dedicating regular slots in your 168 hours to a specific pursuit, you transform it from a chore into a core source of happiness.

Key Insight Fun often requires an initial investment of hard work. Don't give up on a hobby just because it feels like work in the beginning.
Action Step Pick one hobby you've wanted to try and schedule three 30-minute practice sessions this week. Treat them as mandatory appointments.

Start Listening to 168 Hours

Hear the key concepts from this book as an engaging audio conversation.

Listen to Podcast